Cement and process of producing same.



747,920. PATENTED DEG. 22, 1903.

H. EAssoW. CEMENT AND PROCESS 0E PEODUGING SAME.

APLIOATION FILED MAY 13, 1903.'

I@ M ...y EE

N0 MQDEL.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W/ TN E S:

No. 747,920. PATENTED DEG. 2z, 1903;

,4 H- PASSOW- CEMENT AEE PROCESS 0E PEOEUCING SAME.

APPLIOQATION FILED MAY 13, 1903.

3l SHEETS-SHEET 2.

" N0 MODEL.

INVENTO? ,SWE

PATENTED DBC. `22, 1903.y

E. PAssoW. CEMENT AND PROCESS 0E PEODUGING SAME.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 13, 1903.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET '3.

UNITED STATES Patented December 22, 1903.

PATENT y OFFICE.

HERMANN PASSOW, OF HAMBURG, GERMANY', ASSIGNOR TO HENRY EDMUNDS, OFLONDON, ENGLAND.

CEMENT ANoPRooEss oF PRODUCING SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming* part 0f Letters Pater-1t No. 747,920, datedDecember 22d, 1903.

Original application filed Jannary, 1903, Serial No. 138|60. Divided andthis application filed May 13. 1903.. Serial No. 156,917. (Nospecimens.)

To @all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN PASSOW, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,and a resident 0E Hamburg, Germany, have invented certain new andusetnlv Improvements in Cement and Processes ofProducing the Same, ofwhich the followingisaspecification, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of'ihe same.

This invention relatesto cement and the process of producing the same,and relates especially to the cement formed of a mixture of active andinert cement material and to the process of treating furnace-slag toproduce such active and inert materials.

In the accompanying drawings, in which the samereference characterrefers to similar parts in the several gures, Figure l is a verticalsectional view of one form of apparatus for carrying out this invention.Fig. 2 is a similar view showing another modification. Figs. 3, 4, 5,and 6 show stillfurther modified forms of apparatus in substantiallyvertical section.

ln the means for carrying out this invention shown in Fig. l the heatedfurnace-slag may be fed as desired from the slag-chute A, and thischuteis indicated as preferably movably monntedby means of thechutepivot A. The chute-cam A2 may be employed, if desired, to give amovement to the slag-chute, and this cam may be revolved as desired bythe cam-shaft A3 indicated. It will be evident thatit this movableslag-chute is employed the heated slag, which may, if desired, be in amolten condition, is fed intolhe chute by the feeder vA4 and is suppliedfrom the lower end of the chute in a regulated and ing disintegratingmeans which'subsequently act upon it.

Cooling means in the form of a rotary disintegrator may be used ifdesired, and the heated slag may be allowed to fail upon thisdisintegrator, which may take the disk form indicated in Fig. l, thehead B of the disintegrator being indicated as having the steppedformation, which it may take if desired. head is preferably formed withythe chamber B2, formed by the diaphragm B3, and suitable jet-holes Barealso preferably provided, as indicated, these jet-holes communicatingwith the chamber B2, which is supplied with duid under pressure by thejet-pipe B5. The disintegrating-head is carriedupon the tubularspindleB4, revolubly mounted in a suitable sleeve E4 and havingits endsupported in the spindle-bearing C, the collar B9 on the spindlemaintaining it at the proper height. This spindle may be rotated at anydesired rate by the pulley B7, secured to it, which is driven in theordinary manner by the belt B8. By suitably varying the speed of thespindle the disintegrating and cooling eects of the head'arecorrespondingly varied. The disintegrator may, if desired, be cooled bysuitable circulation, which in the form illustrated is effected by thecooling-pipe B6, preferably having its upper end outwardly curved, asindicated, to distribute the cooling fluid within the space on the undersurface of the diaphragmv and having its lower end communicating througha suitable opening in the spindle with theannular recess O in thespindle-bearing,

vthis recess being supplied by the cooling fluid through the valved pipeC2, by which the amount of this fluid may be suitably regulated. Thecooling fluid is discharged from instance, as the valve-lever O64whichmayV be spring-pressed against the cam O7, as indicated. This cam may berotated, if -desired, to give a periodic variation to the Vfluid Ysurface, such as the guide E.

passing through the jet-pipes to prod uce suitable pulsating jets to actupon the slag cement material. The two valved jet-supply pipes C2 C9supply the desired fluid-such as air, steam, gas, water, or otherliquid-in the desired proportions, so as to give the proper action ofthe jets upon the heated slag. After being acted upon by the firstcooling means, suoli as the rotary disintegrator, the slag or cementmaterial is projected or thrown outward through the cooling mediumaround the disintegrator, which preferably contains oxygen and whichoperates to cool the slag and also to improve its quality. Thereafterthe slag may, if desired, be subjected to a further cooling by coming incontact with the subsequent cooling meanssuch, for instance, as acooling-surfacewhich may take the form of the casing D indicated. Thetemperature of this casing is preferably regulated by the employment ofthe cooling-jacket D', which is supplied with cooling iluid by theValved pipe D3, the cooling iuid issuing from the jacket through thepipe D2. By this means the circulation of cooling fluid in thecooling-jacket regulates in a Well-known manner the temperature of thecoolingsurface or casing D, so that material impinging upon thiscasingis cooled in a regulated manner as desired.

Still further cooling means may be provided which may take the form of acooling- In the form indicated this guide has the cortical orfunnel-shaped top communicating with the casing, the lower end servingto collect and guide the cement material,asindicated. Thiscooling-surface is also preferably regulated in its temperature by meansof the coolingjacket E supplied with cooling Huid in regu lated amountsby the valved supply-pipe E2, the tiuid passing out through thedischargepipe E3.

Still further cooling means in the form of a cooling-surface, such asthe rotary con Veyer F, may be used. This conveyer in Fig.` l isindicated as having a cylindrical form and as being provided with acorrugated or finned outer surface F'. The spray-pipe F4 may be used inconnection with this conveyer, the supply of coolingliuid beingregulated by the valveF5. This conveyer is indicated as supported uponfriction-wheels, such as F3, which provide for its rotation at anydesired rate. The supply of air or other medium in which the coolingtakes place may be regulated to produce the desired result upon the slagor cement material. In Fig. l the draft-opening D7 is indicated, throughwhich the cooling medium may enter the casing. This draftopening iscontrolled by the collar D4, which may be adjusted by the pinions D5,which cooperate with suitable racks Dlon the collar. In this way thesupply of air or other cooling medium is controlled and the amount ofoxygen in which the disintegration and cooling of the slag preferablytakes place is suitably regulated. It is of course not necessary toemploy all of the series of cooling means Which have been described, andparts of this apparatus may thus be omitted by those familiar with thisart.

In the embodiment of the apparatus indicated in Fig. 2 a similar movableslag-chute A may be employed, movably mounted about the chute-pivot Aand given a periodic movemen t, if desired, by the chute-cam A2, rotatedby the shaft A5, as indicated. The feeder supplies the heated slag tothis slag-chute, and the heated slag thus falls in a regulated manner tobe acted upon by the subsequent cooling means.

In Fig. 2 the cooling means is indicated as having the form of a rotarycooling-drum or disintegrator G, rotated at any desired speed bythe beltG2, passing over the pulley G. A suitable scraper Gr5 may be employed,if desired, to clean the surface of the drum when necessary. Thetemperature of the cooling-drum may be regulated duringits operation bythe valved fluid-supply pipe G3, by which a suitable supply of coolingfluid is circulated through the drum and issues from the discharge-pipeG4. The heated fur nace-slag falling upon the periphery of thecooling-drum G is disintegrated in an obvious mannerand is thrownoutward to be subsequently acted upon by further cooling means. Ifdesired, the disintegrator may be used in connection with the jet-nozzleI-I, which supplies a suitable cooling disintegrating fluid jet whichmay act upon the slag in connection with the rotary disintegrator. Theforce of the jet is regulated in a wellknown way by the jet-valve H, bywhich a jet of the desired force of air, steam, gas, or other fluid maybe supplied.

The subsequent cooling means acting upon the slag or cement material maytake the form of the cooling-surface K, which in Fig. 2 is indicated asplaced so that the slag or cement material impinges upon it. Itisunderstood, of course, thatthe cooling-surfaces of this description arepreferably formed of suitable heat-conducting material, such as metal,to give the proper cooling action and to properly regulate the coolingof the material. The temperature of this cooling-surface is suitablyregulated by the cooling-jacket K, into which cooling iluid is admittedby the valved supply-pipe K3, and operates, in connection with thecorrugated inner surface K2, to regulate the temperature of thecoolingsurface K. The cooling fluid, which may be air, steam, gas, orother fluid, passes out through the discharge-pipe K4.

Ifdesired, the slagor cement material may subsequently be treated byfurther cooling means,which may take the form ot a conveyer, a beltconveyer L being indicated in Fig. 2, which is preferably formed otl asuitable metal belt mounted upon the pulleys L L2, which are rotated byany desired means to give the requisite movement to the conveyer IIO orcooling-surface. The temperature of this cooling-surface is lregulatedby any desired means, such as the sprayer L5, by which the jets ofcooling linid are discharged against the conveyer. A scraper L4 may beused, and the surplus iiuid,if a liquid is used, may be taken o by thetrough or tank L3, which collects the material and leads it into thedischarge-pipe L6.

In the form of apparatus indicated in Fig. 3 the heated slag isindicated as beingsupplied at the rate desired by the chtite A". Thisheated slag is operated upon by suitable cooling means,the primarycooling means` having in the form indicated a disintegrating action andconsisting of a suitable cooling and disintegratingjet of fluid. Thisjetissues from the jet-nozzle H and is controlled by the jet-valve H.This jet-valve may be constantly maintained in one position or,y ifdesired, may be given a periodic motion byany desired means to give a'regular Variation to -f the jet. 1n the form indicated the jetvalve isprovided with a suitable lever H2, held by the spring Hs against thejetcam H4. This cam when revolved at the desired rate gives in anobvious manner apulsating jet of any "cooling duid-such as air, gas,steam, or otherl fluid-and this jet operates upon the heated slagmaterial to suitably cool and disintegrate the same. This slag or cementmaterial may be subsequently operated upon by further cooling means,which may, if desired, be suitably regulated to control the rate ofcooling of the slag and its subsequent condition, and also, if desired,the cooling. means may be diversely operating, and different portions ofthe slag or cement material may be treated simultaneously by thesediversely-operating cooling means. The cooling means may take anydesired form. A suitable cooling me-Y dium-such as an atmosphere of air,gas,

steam, or other fluid-may be employed which cools the slag orcementmateriai when in a disintegrated condition in an obvious manner,and the action of such cooling medium is obviously regulated by thelength of time which the slag or cement material remains within thecooling medium.v The cooling means may takethe form of suitablecoolingsurfaces, preferably of regulated temperature, to correspondinglyregulate the rate of cooling and the condition of the slag -or cementmaterial. i

A suitable cooling-surface P may be used, this surface being preferablyprovided with a coolingjacket P', supplied by a suitable cooling fluidthrough the valved inlet P2, the cooling fluid issuing through thedischarge-pipe P3. This cooling-surface may, if desired, be

so placed as to only partially intercept the slag or cement material, sothat portions of the same impinge upon the surface and are cooledthereby, while other portions which do not impinge upon thiscooling-surface are acted upon during a longer time while passingthrough the cooling medium in which they are suspended.

' Subsequentcooling meansinay be employed to regulate the furthercooling of the slag or cement material. In the form indicated thematerial'which imping'es upon the surface P is further treated bycooling means which jmay take the form of the cooling-surface or `beltconveyer L, upon which the'material falls and by which itis'subsequently cooled, the-temperature of the cooling-surface and thecorresponding action upon the material being preferably regulated by thespray-pipe L5, by which cooling-jets actupon the cooling-surface. Ascraper L4, trough L3, and discharge-pipe L6 may, if desired, beemployed so that the conveyer, which preferably is in lthe form of ametal belt mounted upon the pulleys L' L2, which are suitably rotatedcontinuously, cools the material at a regulated rate.

In thel form indicated the portion ofl the lslag or cement materialwhich does not imlpinge upon the cooling-surface Pis shown as passing aconsiderable distance beyond such surface throughthe atmosphere orcooling medium in'which it is suspended and subse quently falls uponanother cooling-surface, which may take the form of-a metal belt con@veyer, which is indicated asA mounted upon thei rotating pulleys R' R2.It is apparent that in this manner the different portions of the'slag orcement material are subjected tol the action of diverselyoperatingcooling means,so that the different portions are cooled at regulatedrates in a different manner to produce correspondingly-differentresults, as desired.

In the embodiment of this apparatus indi- 'cated in Fig. 4 the heatedslag is supplied at the rate desired by the slag-chute A4 and issubsequently subjected to disintegrating and cooling action by theoperation of a series of cooling means. The tower S may be providedthrough which the slag is allowed to fall and by which it isdisintegrated and cooled in a manner similar to the operation of theWellknown shot-tower. This tower may of course be given `any desired.height to produce the proper disintegrating and cooling effect. Thecooling means operating upon the slag or cement material may beregulated, as de- IIS sired, and a draft-funnel S' may be used toregmovement, and consequent temperature, of

the cooling medium may be regulated in an.

obvious manner.- Subsequentcoolingmeans,

such as a cooling-surface T, may operate upon the slag or cementmaterial, the surfaceT being indicated as in the form of an inclinedslide, so as to suitably .direct the material along the surface of thesame. The temperature of this cooling surface or slide is preferablyregulated by employing a suitable cooling-jacket T, cooling materialbeing supplied to thejacket by the valved inlet T2 and being dischargedtherefrom by the pipe T3.

The material may be subsequently acted upon by cooling means, which maytake the form of a conveyer, as indicated in Fig. 4, this conveyerconsisting of the trough V with a suitable cooling-jacket V supplied bythe valved supply-pipe V2 and the cooling duid issuing through the pipeV3. A series of suitable scrapers, such as V4, may be mounted upon anymeans, such as a chain V5, to move the slag or cement material along theconveyer-trough.

Another embodiment of this apparatus is indicated in Fig. 5, in whichthe heated slag may be supplied in regulated quantity and in a fluidstate, if desired, by the slag-chute A4. This slag is subsequentlyoperated upon by disintegrating and cooling means, which may take theform of a disintegrating and cooling jet of air, gas, steam, or Water,or a mixture of the same issuing from the jet-nozzle H and controlled bythe automatic valve H,having the operating devices similar to thosedescribed in connection with Fig. 3 to produce a variable or pulsatingjet. This jet disintegrates the heated slag and projects it in anobvious manner, as indicated through the cooling medium in which it issuspended for an appreciable time.

The slag or cement material may,if desired, be subsequently treated bythe action of' suitable cooling means,which may take the form of acooling-surface P. This cooling-surface is preferably provided with asuitable waterjacket P,which operates to regulate its temperature, thecooling fluid being introduced through the valve-pipe P2 and issuingthrough thepipelP3. Subsequentcoolingmeans,which may take the form ofthe conveyer V,may be used to regulate the fu rther cooling of the slagor cement material. The con veyer V is in the form of ajacketed trough,in which a suitable conveyer operates similarly to the conveyerdescribed in connection with Fig. 4, the parts corresponding in thisinstance.

The operation of this process in the treatment of furnace-slag toconvert the same into cement material is substantially as follows:

The furnace-slag, which is treated in this apparatus, may be theordinary furnace-slag such as is produced by blast-furnaces or otheriron and metallurgical furnaces in their usual operation and which isordinarily discarded as a Worthless by-product. Materials may, however,be specially melted in furnaces for conversion into cement material bythis apparatus, if desired. The slag is preferably melted and suppliedto this apparatus in a fluid condition, although that is not necessaryin all cases. The slag should, however, be suitably heated before beingsubjected `to this apparatus, which controls the cooling of the same andits conversion into cement material. It is not necessary that theproportions of the various ingredients of the slag treated in thisapparatus shall correspond exactly to the proportions of the materialswhich constitute the Portland cements. Ordinary blast-furnace slag isusually considerably lower in its lime contents than is considerednecessary for Portland cement. The cement material produced by thisapparatus from such underlimed furnace-slags has, however, When groundvaluable hydraulic properties, sets properly, and, furthermore, forms agood cementitious material, although the addition of a small percentageof Portland cement or other material may be desirable in order to renderthe cementitious material produced by this apparatus from furnaceslagmore quick setting. Heated furnaceslag when in duid condition, as ispreferably the case, may be supplied in a pulsating stream from themovable slag-chute A, (shown in Fig. 1,) or, if desired, the slagchtitemay be stationary. This stream of iiuid slag falls upon therapidly-rotating disintegrating-head B and is disintegrated andsimultaneously cooled by contact with the `same and also acted upon bythe jets of Huid,

which may be employed in connection With the rotary disintegrator. Ifthe character of the stream of molten slag is properly adjusted inconnection with the disintegrator and the rate of revolution of thesame, the slag falling upon the various parts of the disintegrator isdiversely acted upon and the different portions are thus given adifferent character and are projected through the air or other coolingmedium, Which preferably contains oxygen and are subsequently cooled atsuch regulated rates in the subsequent apparatus employed that whenproperly ground they constitute a cementitious material 0f the characterwhich has been set forth. The other embodiments of this apparatusoperate in a substantially similar manner upon the furnace-slag, whichis preferably in a fluid condition when submitted to the apparatus andmay be so adjusted and operated that a material is produced having suchproperties and proportions that when ground and properly mixed withwater a highly cementitious material is the result. Ifdesired,however,this apparatus may be so regulated and operated that theheated slag is disintegrated and cooled in such a regulated manuel' thata more uniform product is the result. It is possible-for instance,usingthe apparatus indicated in Fig. 1-to adjust the slag-chute so thattliefu rnaceslag shall be supplied to the disintegrator in a moreuniform manner--for instance, by allowing the chtite to remainstationary. This disintegrator may be rotated with a constant speed andthe fluid jets which may be used in connection therewith may operate ina constant manuel' so that the treated and disintegrated material isprojected outward by this portion of the apparatus through the IOO IIO

cooling medium and collects in particles having more `nearly uniformstructure and size. This slag or cement material as it passes throughthe subsequent portions of the apparatus is cooled at a regulated rateand in a comparatively uniform manner, so that a cooled slagr or cementmaterial is produced which is of more constant character.

If the disintegrator is operated with oomparatively low-pressure fluidjets and also preferably withl lower rotative speed and using asmallamount of water or steam with the'other fluid of the jets, the rate ofcooling of the material may be so regulated that comparativelypure-active or pumice material is produced. This material usually isproduced in spongy or porous masses formed of particles'that cometogether while still plastic by reason of the proper regulation of thevarious cooling means, these disintegrated particles being cohered inlthis way. The disin-` tegrating apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 may,

however, be operated so as to produce nearly pure glassy or inertmaterial by suitably regulating the various cooling means. 'This' may beaccomplished by employing fluid jets of higher pressure and preferablyby using ak higher speed. In producing the glassy material underordinary circumstances the particles are usually so cooled that they donot aggregate so much as the particles of active material. In regulatingthe cooling of ma- Vterial of this nature it is of great advantage todisintegrate it as regularlyas possible if itis to be cooled uniformly,since the separation of the heated material into small partiproduct-ionof portions of active material it is intended to indicate that activematerial forms a substantial proportion of the product of the whole ofthe same. ment material from slag the rate of cooling should not be soslow that decrepitation will take place in the product: Suchdecrepitated slag material or slag meal is comparatively valueless forcement purposes.

An important test of the existence of the proper regulation of thepressure of the cooling jet or jets or of the existence of the propertemperature and position of the cooling surfaces or apparatus andgenerally of the existence of the proper rate of cooling to produceactive or pumiceous material is the fact that the particles of thematerial as it is cooled will cohere together or form coherent masses oraggregations against the surfaces In producing ce-y import-ant lest ofthe existence of the proper v regulation of the jets'and the temperatureor position of the cooling-su rfaces to produce inert material is toloe-found in observation of the condition of such material. I fitassumes the glassy form, the regulation to produce inert material willbe found to be proper.

It is not necessary in all cases that one form of apparatus be used forproducing one kind of cement material and that the same apparatus beused with a different regulation for producing the other-kind of cementmaterial. The two kinds oi' cement lnaterial, which are `of the coolingmedia or otherwise. Also an preferably produced separately and groundand mingled in the desired proportions to produce cemeutitiousmateriah'may be produced in apparatus having different forms, ifdesired. Furthermore, as has been explained,

lit is possible to produce both kinds of materegulate the rates'ofcooling of the dierentV portions of disintegrated material. It is notnecessary in all cases to form these cement materials from liquid slag',as has been described. They may be formed byheating cooled slag, such aswater-granulated slag,'and by properly regulating the time that theheated slag remains within the critical temperature zone.

vActive cementmaterial may be produced by heating water-granulated slaguntil it is IOS brought within the critical range of temperature, whichwith ordinary blast-furnace slag having-about fifty per cent. of ylimeextends from approximately 950o to 1,2l50o centigrade, when the slagusually becomes plastic. The

Ilo

slag after being brought into this critical plastic condition ispreferably quickly cooled by a fluid blast, which acts upon the variousparts of the mass of heated slag, and active cement material isproduced. The cooling of the heated slag should preferablybe rapid, asdescribed, in order to prevent the decrepitation of the slag. l Thelength of time that the slag remains within the critical temperatu rezone may be regulated not only by the rotary disintegrating apparatusdescribed,` which by'regulatng the cooling of the liquid slag regulatesthe time required to carry it through the critical plastic condition,vbut also by any other means by which it is maintained in thecritical-temperature zone for the proper length of time.Water-granulated slag may be heated in crucibles, in which it ispreferably suitablystirred, or in any other way in a suitable furnace tothe critical' temperature andthen may be quickly cooled vto form activecement material. Fig. 6 indicates an inclined rotary kiln or roaster W,preferably lined with tire-brick or similar ma'- terial, in whichwater-granulated slag may be treated in the desired manner and which canbe readily heated by an internal jet of fuelsuch as oil, powdered coal,or gas-supplied bythe burner W4 and entering the kiln at the lower end.-The slag in the form of watergranulated slag or otherwise may be fedinto the upper end of the kiln by any desired means, such as theconveyerW5. The kilnjacket is formed with the rings W', which aresupported, as indicated, by the frictionrolls W2, so that by rot-atingthe rolls the kiln may be slowly revolved at the desired rate. The slagis thus fed slowly down the kiln and is gradually heated therein to thecritical plastic temperature. Ordinary blastfurnace slag may be raisedto about 1,000O centigrade. This heated slag falls from the lower end ofthe kiln upon the plate X, ofiron or other material, which may becooled, if desired, by a duid-jacket, a cooling fluid being indicated ascirculating through the pipes X. The slag is preferably quickly cooledby contact with the plate X and by the action of the Huid-jets of air,steam, water, or gas which may issue from one or more of the jet-pipesX2, X3, X, and X5, by which the material may be broken up and moved downthe plate to the lower end of the same. In some cases, however, theheated slag from this roaster or kiln may be cooled by other means, asby droppingit into water,preferably for a short time, after which it maybe suitably dried. It is of course understood that the degree of heatmust be suitably regulated to give the critical temperature with theparticular slag to be treated, since the critical temperature may varywith slags of dil-ferent composition.

Inert or glassy slag may be readily produced by quickly cooling heatedliquid slag by contact with water by pouring the slag into water orotherwise to form water-granulated slag and by suitably drying the sameto expel the absorbed water. Drying to about 200 centigrade is usuallysufficient for this purpose and may be effected in any desiredapparatus, such as an inclined rotary drier of well-known construction,which may be similar to the roasting-kiln shown in Fig. 6, through whichthe slag is passed. If desired, the active and inert cement materialsmay he simultaneously produced from some kinds of water-gran ulated slagby heating a mass of slagin cruciblesin acrucible-furnace orin any othersuitable furnace until the whole mass of slag has been brought up to thecritical temperature. A portion of this slag may then be heated abovethe critical temperature zone, when it usually becomes fluid by locallyheating part of the slag in any way, as by an intense heat acting uponit. In the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 a local heating of the materialfalling from the mouth of the kiln could be elected by asuitably-arranged neighboring jet. This mass of diverselyheated slag maybe quickly cooled by fluidjets or otherwise, when if the time duringwhich the various parts of the material remain within thecritical-temperature zone has been properly regulated a mixture of theproper proportions of inert and active cement materials will result. Theportion of the slag which was heated beyond the critical-temperaturezone will by this sudden cooling be brought quickly through such zone toform inert material, while the other portion of the slag will be turnedinto active cement material, as described.

In treating water-granulated slag or similar material. the heatingIshould be properly regulated, so that the slag material is not heatedup to a temperature that for several kinds of slag treated lies betweenabout 500o and 900 centigrade and then allowed to cool to ordinarytemperature. Such a heating and cooling is liable with some kinds ofslag to form an undesirable product or slag-refuse that is weak,powdery, and comparatively worthless. The active or pumice materialproduced from liquid slag has the same desirable properties as theactive material formed by roasting water-granulated slag as described.In like manner the glassy or inert cement material produced from liquidslag by the disintegrating apparatus described is likewise similar as acement material to dried water-granulated slag. Both are inert slagmaterials.

When the active and inert cement materials have been produced, they aresuitably ground and mixed, and a hydraulic cementitious material is theresult. These inert and active cement materials produced fromfurnace-slag, as has been described, seem to have different properties,as is indicated by the usual rise of temperature manifested when carbondioxid is passed over ground, moistened, and compressed active cementmaterial of this character, while such a rise of temperature does notoccur when ground, moistened, and compressed inert cement material istreated with carbon dioxid. This active cement material seems to have acrystalline structure,as indicated by its polarizing action, while theglassy material seems to have a vitreous or non-crystalline structure,since it does not polarize light. These two materials when properlyground and mixed together, preferably in about equal proportions, form amost valuable cementitions material. In some cases this cementitionsmaterial may, however, be made more quickly-setting, if desired, by theaddition of a small proportion, preferably, ot' Portland cement,although other cementitions material may be used for this purpose. Thetime of setting of this material may be further regulated by theaddition of a small proportion of gypsum, plaster-of-paris, or similarmaterial, one or two IOO IIO

- ment and process forming the subject-matteiof my former United Statespatent, application SerialNo. 122,589, tiled Septen1ber8,1902. It willof course be understood that those familial' with this art may make manyvariations in the forms, proportions, and numbers of elements of theapparatus which has been described. Furthermore, correspondingvariations may be made in the number, nature, and order of the steps ofthe processes described Without losing the advantages of the invention.I do not, therefore, Wish to be limited to the details of the disclosurewhich I have made in this case.

What I claim as new and what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is setforth in the i appended claims:

1. The cement process which consists in disintegrating highly-heatedfurnace-slag into particles, in projecting the same through a coolingiiuid into impingement upon a surface and in cohering the same.

2. The cement process which consists in disintegrating highly-heatedfurnace-slag into particles, in cohering said particles and inregulating the time said slag remains Within the critical-temperatureZone. 3. The cementprocess Which consistsin disintegrating moltenfurnace-slag into particles, in causing the impingement of the same upona surface while in a plastic condition and in cohering the same uponsaid surface.

4. The cement process which consists in causing particles ofhighly-heated furnaceslag to impinge upon a surface and in cohering saidparticles.

5. The cement. process which consists in aggregating separated particlesof highly-heated furnace-slag upon a surface and in regulating thecooling of the same so as to form a material containing substantialproportionsof active cement material.

6. The cement process which consists in aggregating disintegratedparticles of highlyheated furnace-slag and in regulating the time saidfurnace-slag remains within the critical-temperature zone so as to forma material containing substantial proportions of active cement material.

7. The cement process which consists in disintegrating moltenfurnaceslag into particles, in causing the same to impinge upon asurface and in regulating the time said slag remains within thecritical-temperature zone so as to form a material containingsubstantial proportions of active cement material.

8. Thecementprocesswhichconsistsindisof duid-jets to' integratinghiglgily-heated furnace slag into particles and in projecting the samethrough a iiuid so as to form a material containing substantialproportions of active cement material.

9.- The cement process which consists in subjecting molten furnace-slagtothe action disintegrate the same and in projecting said slag through afluid so as to form a material containing substantial proportions ofactive cement material.`

10. The cement process which consists in forming highly-cementitiousmaterial comprising substantial proportions of active and inert cementmaterials formed by bringing furnace-slag to a molten condition, indisin-` tegrating the same into particles, in project ing particlesthereof through a fluid and in slowly cooling the same so as to formsaid active cement material and in projectingthe particles thereofthrough a tiuid and in quickly` cooling the same so as to form inertcement material.

ll. The cement process which consists in bringing furnace-slag to amolten condition, in disintegrating and in slowly cooling the same so asto form active cement material, in bringing furnace-slag to a moltencondition, in disintegrating and in quickly cooling the same soas toform inert cement material and in mixing substantial proportions of saidactive and inert cement materials to form a highly-cementitiousmaterial. i

l2. The cement process which consists in bringing slag material to ahighly-heated con? dition, in disintegrating and in slowly coolingthesame so as t0 forml active cement material, and in mixing substantialproportions of said active material and inert slag cement material toproduce ahighly cementitious material.

13. The cement process which consists in bringing furnace-slag to amolten condition, in disintegrating and in slowly cooling 'the same soas to. form a material containing subtoo stantial proportions of activecement material.

14:. The cement process which consists in disintegrating highly heatedfurnace slag and in diversely projecting the same through a coolingfluid so as to produce active'and inert cement materials.

l5. The cement process which consists in disintegrating highly heatedfurnace slag and in diversely subjecting the same to the action ofrelatively moving fluid while suspended therein so as to produce activeand v inert ce ment materials.

16. The cement process which consists in mixing active slag cementmaterial, inert slagcement material,independently-cementitious materialand calcium sulfate.

17; The cementv process which consists in mixing highly-cementitiousmaterial having substantially the same chemical composition 20. Thecement comprising active slag cement material, inert slag cementmaterial and calcium sulfate.

2l. The cementcomprisinghighly-cementi tions material havingsubstantially the same chemical composition as furnace-slag, formed fromsaid slag without the addition of other 2o material, and calciumsulfate.

HERMANN PASSOW. Witnesses:

HARRY L. DUNCAN, E. H. L. MUMMENHOFF;

